Obstacles For Women s Participation - 1862 Words

Obstacles to Women s Participation in Sports The obstacles to women’s participation in sports are categorised into three and these are financial, non-support and time. Financial Influence Findings from the study indicate that playing sport requires an ability to pay for facilities and services. Participants complain that the high cost involved in paying for the facilities serve as a deterrent to their sports participation especially for those who have limited income. Non-affordability and inability to pay on time to play truncates regular participation. The services that participants say they require include: employing highly skilled and qualified professionals (coach, instructors, and etcetera), a physiotherapist, equipment†¦show more content†¦This is a major challenge for them. Mothers in situations like this say, what they normally do is to save up towards payment of registration fees. This creates the problem of irregular participation for them since they have to wait and not play until a period they are able to raise money for the payments. Findings in the study show that participants who have the habit of impulse spending, tend to unavoidably find them selves spending more than their budget can support. They end up with financial troubles especially during sales periods for sports products. For moms, kids also add to the financial troubles in the case where kids want their moms to buy items they did not budget for. Buying sale items and customized items which participants actually do not need or not plan for increase the financial burden of participants. This situation makes it more expensive and more difficult for participants to afford as they should and play as they wish. Additional cost and miscellaneous spending on items like- diet/drinks, and memorabilia associated with play go on to increase the cost of participation. For the team and non-team participants interested in owning or renting equipment, it is very challenging because participants complain that apart from the high cost, time becomes an issue since participants will have to wait for their turn to rent. The circumstance of this nature ends up altering play. Even th ough there is availability and access

Choosing Cooking Essay Topics

Choosing Cooking Essay Topics Many students think that it is a waste of time. If you're an undergraduate studying at the university, then that is what you need to select. School should occur in the evenings. Year round school isn't a good idea. The Cooking Essay Topics Game The reader ought to take the author's side by the close of the reading. When you have read our helpful on-line article, we'd like to provide something you couldn't even imagine. Be attentive to the size it must be and get started writing the narrative essay outline. Should you need some help to locate a very good topic for your expository essay assignment, you can utilize EssayTopicGenerator.com. When you're assigned to compose an expository essay, the very first thing you will have to know is the way to write it. When you try to find a great research paper topic, you are able to easily develop into the severest critic of any proposed idea. In the end, a student can provide short strategies on the best way to win the game. Explain why you especially delight in a specific teacher. Food plays a pivotal function in maintaining appropriate wellbeing. Making home-made food also saves plenty of money. Cooking is easily the most interesting activity that everyone can be involved in. Cooking at home is much like eating in a restaurant in lots of ways. Occasionally, it can be stressing over how to earn a delicious meal. Most individuals are too preoccupied to prepare such foods. A long time ago, they ate foods that are really safe for their wellness. Children should have to read more. Parents should speak to kids about drugs at a youthful age. They should talk to their children about drugs at a young age. Prospective parents ought to be asked to take parenting classes. In reality, giving a sample in your essay may be a practical learning experience, and whenever your teacher grades you, you're know precisely where you went wrong which prospective employers aren't likely to inform you about. Your essay is supposed to concentrate on why schools insist their students learn a foreign language and the way it can really help in somebody's overall improvement. Therefore, if you'd like to have nontrivial expository essay topic that necessitates thorough research, choose something which refers to a technological field of study. S ome students utilize the very first idea which arrives in their head and work on it, but the outcome isn't successful. An analysis of the recent trends of same-sex marriages and the way in which they affect society ought to be part of your essay. In the present society, gender means much more than it used to. You just have to dig into current social problems of the local community and find the foundation for topics from that point. The Lost Secret of Cooking Essay Topics Folks are taking a look at the quantity. Explain'' is to express the info on this issue to be able to make it even more understandable to the reader. To compose a cooking essay, you might describe the procedure for cooking of some dish. Cooking gets personal once you inject your character to the food that you're going to make. As a passion, it gradually improves when you are always inspired to make different dishes as a way to satisfy your partner or family member. For several people it's a great habit, they find that cooking can be a manner of expression of thoughts and inspiration. The paper posits that, although the usage of beef has dropped, it's still popular and international. Talk about the idea of cross-contamination when preparing food and why it's dangerous. Definition of Recipes The idea of making food has ever been an intriguing topic in the general public and individual homes. The process of earning cakes is extremely easy.

Research Literacy for Health Practice- Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Clearly Identify a Problem relevant to a group/organisation and discusses what evidence-based Information has been found relevant to best-practice as a solution. 2.Clearly Identify Ethical Implications associated with the proposed research project based on relevant studies. Answers: Introduction Transcultural communication is difficult to be implemented in health care as the patients expect the health care professions to understand their preferences. On the other hand, the care providers face difficulty due to linguistic barriers, and missing of non-verbal messages, even when the translators are present. It is the common issue where the health care professionals fail to acknowledge the similarities and differences in people from culturally diverse background (Holland 2017). Australia being the multicultural society demands Transcultural nursing in the health care organisation. The crux of Transcultural nursing is good communication between the health care providers and the patients. Communication in Transcultural nursing refers to acknowledging the individuals culture, beliefs and practices. It is the best practice necessary to bridge the cultural gap. It will ensure the acceptable Transcultural care. Various strategies have been developed to address this issue but there lie s an uncertainty about communication change. This issue has been prominently highlighted in the recent and old peer review journals (Giger 2016). In regards to the issue, the essay discusses the relevant literature pertaining to the issue and the evidence based information regarding the best practice as solution. 1.As a research manager, I have identified from my research that in Melbourne hospital, a client of refugee background was admitted to emergency department. He was suspected with TB and was isolated. There was no hospital staff that spoke Kirundi, Swahili or Congolese languages. Since, the patients children spoke English no interpreter was recruited. Later a social worker who visited the client arranged for an interpreter. It was discovered later that the client was afraid of dying of AIDS, which was then highly prevalent in Africa (Professionalsaustralia.org.au 2017). In the health care industry, I have observed that the professionals have to interact with peers and patients from different cultural background. Thus, nurses require communication in different forms to advocate their patients. When nurses fail to communicate with people from culturally and linguistically diverse communities, the patients interpret it as bias, prejudice, consequently influencing the quality of care. The best practice solution to the barriers in Transcultural nursing is the cultivation of the cross-cultural communication skills. According to Taylor et al. (2013), there must be efficient and skilful use of the interpreters cultural competency. Interpreters, nurses and physicians must learn the culturally competent communication skills both verbal and no verbal. These skills are required to identify the patients values, practices, beliefs, unique health care needs and perceptions. These skills are required in all types of health settings may it be palliative, geriatric care, mental health, paediatric and any other setting. It includes use of basic grammar, simple and common words, knowing the multilingual signs, bilingual words and phrases, pictograms, and asking politely for paraphrasing important points. Cultural competency while communication includes starting a statement with Is it clear or can you understand. The literature also suggests that there is a need of culturally flue nt approach for nurses to cultivate good communication skills in nursing. Other factors necessary to implement this solution are awareness, sensitivity, good listening, and patience. It will help improve the communication across cultures. It will also ensure the personal and professional relationships (Silverman et al. 2016). Various strategies, models and theories have been developed to improve communication style in Transcultural nursing. However, there are barriers to implementing theory into practice. For instance, a Middle Eastern patient in ICU may suddenly wake up and request seriously to pray facing Mecca. Similarly, Chinese patient may refuse to take pain relief medicine, post operation considering it an impolite offer. In order to deal with these challenging situations, the nurse must have comprehensive understanding of the ethnic and cultural norms of culturally diverse people living in the society (Giger, 2016). In addition the, patients may fear using interpreters for breach of privacy and confidentiality of the information. It prevents the professionals from establishing the therapeutic relationship. The cost of using interpreters is high and is not always possible to recruit them in stressful environment. The indigenous Australians in remote areas and other ethnic minorities face language b arrier commonly. They thus, lack access to health care facilities. It also hinders the process of clinical handover and conveying of critical information (Espinosa et al. 2013). Cross-cultural training is the best way to promote effective communication in health care. It will improve the skills and attitudes of health care professionals to interact effectively with refugees, immigrant nurses and patients and other patients from culturally and linguistically diverse communities (Lee et al. 2015). 2.A focus group can be recruited in Melbourne hospital comprising of the doctors, nurses and the other health care staff to implement the solution of cross cultural communication skills. However, the focused group participants must have awareness of the ethical implications associated with the communication in diverse health care system. Ethics is an important parameter for health care providers as they deal with life and death of people. They are accountable for misdiagnosis, medical errors and misinterpretations in clinical care (Kourkouta and Papathanasiou 2014). Thus, ethical factors must be considered before implementing the cross-cultural communication system. Informed consent is the heart of any research process. It is the fundamental health behaviour. If the participants do not know that they are part of research, it may not serve the purpose. Other ethical implications arise due to breach of four principles that is autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice (Ganz et al. 2015). Non-maleficence is the obligation of not inflicting any intentional harm to the participants by the researcher. Due to language barrier, a health care provider may unintentionally harm a patient (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. 2017). Eliminating miscommunication between the conveyer and recipient reduces the gap and help to achieve the research aims and objectives. The same in cross-cultural nursing when practiced ensures beneficence of patients. Justice refers to ethical decision making. It involves equal participation of all the members of the focused group and respecting their opinions, rights, preferences and given equal opportunity to give ideas. The h ealth care providers must also engage in making justice to the patients by respecting their cultural norms and beliefs and ensure safety. Right to autonomy of all research participants should be ensured. They must have autonomy to withdraw from the project anytime and their valuable contribution. Similarly in health care setting, they must have the health care providers must ensure patients autonomy in health care decisions (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. 2017). The research project comprise of low risk as it deals with health care providers and targets people who can give consent and are all above 18 years old. The research project will be conducted in the Melbourne hospital itself in a safe environment. The focused group only involves in discussions and there is no scope of troubled spots. A written consent will be given by the researcher to ensure the protection of privacy and confidentiality of the information collected during focused group discussion (Sellman 2016). Thus, I think it will be helpful to successfully complete the ethics application form as there will be no breach of justice, autonomy, respect and confidentiality. Conclusion Cross-cultural communication is an effective tool to address the health issues of culturally diverse patients. It determines patient satisfaction and improvement in the health outcomes. It is a best practice to decrease the rate of medical errors. To avoid communication gap it is necessary to eliminate the cultural gap. By knowing the multilingual signs, bilingual words and phrases, pictograms and other customs of Indigenous patients, refugees and other immigrants, their needs can be identified rapidly. It will prevent delay in diagnosis and provide solutions in a proactive manner. As a ethics advisor the recommendation has been reviewed and the ethical implications related to recruitment of focus group has been discussed. The implications has been related with the ethics application form. References Espinosa, M., Keller, H. and Westphal, N., 2013, June. Educational outcomes and effects on cross-cultural communication skills of an international experience for undergraduate STEM students through Michigan Technological University's Pavlis Institute for Global Technological Leadership. InProc. of the 120th ASEE Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA(pp. 23-26). Ganz, F.D., Wagner, N. and Toren, O., 2015. Nurse middle manager ethical dilemmas and moral distress.Nursing ethics,22(1), pp.43-51. Giger, J.N., 2016.Transcultural Nursing-E-Book: Assessment and Intervention. Elsevier Health Sciences. Holland, K., 2017.Cultural awareness in nursing and health care: an introductory text. CRC Press. Kourkouta, L. and Papathanasiou, I.V., 2014. Communication in nursing practice.Materia socio-medica,26(1), p.65. Lee, A.L., Mader, E.M. and Morley, C.P., 2015. Teaching Cross-Cultural Communication Skills Online.Family medicine,47(4), pp.302-8. Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. 2017.Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Professional standards. [online] Available at: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx [Accessed 22 Aug. 2017]. Professionalsaustralia.org.au., 2017.THE CASE FOR CHANGE Consequences and costs of failures in the translating and interpreting industry. [online] https://www.professionalsaustralia.org.au. Available at: https://www.professionalsaustralia.org.au/translators-interpreters/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/The-Case-for-Change_EMAIL.pdf [Accessed 24 Aug. 2017]. Sellman, D., 2016. The practice of nursing research: getting ready for ethics and the matter of character.Nursing inquiry,23(1), pp.24-31. Silverman, J., Kurtz, S. and Draper, J., 2016.Skills for communicating with patients. CRC Press. Taylor, S.P., Nicolle, C. and Maguire, M., 2013. Cross-cultural communication barriers in health

United Arab Emirates and Norway Economies

United Arab Emirates and Norway Economies: Comparative Analysis Introduction According to Central Intelligence Agency or CIA (2015a; 2015b), both Norway and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are countries that heavily rely on oil and gas sector of their economies. Natural oil resources have given both countries an impetus towards fast development and, as a result, their economic indices appear to be among the highest.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on United Arab Emirates and Norway Economies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper, the economic factors of the two countries are analyzed, and their policies are described; some assumptions about their future development are presented, and a conclusion about their diversification decision is made. Countries Overview. Microeconomics Figure 1: Current GDP in Norway and UAE, $US, 1990-2015 (World Bank 2015). Microeconomics is the part of the economics devoted to the individual sectors and companies within a country’s economy. We shall provide a short overview of the factors that are relevant for the countries’ economy and certain economic factors. A more holistic view of the economies will be presented in the next part of the paper (Gottheil 2013). The UAE is a union of the emirates of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), ‘Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai), Ra’s al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn; the state was created in 1971 with the capital in Abu Dhabi (CIA 2015a, para. 2). UAE purposefully avoided the â€Å"Arab Spring†. The country is the third-largest OPEC producer, but the country has been attempting to reduce its dependence on the oil resources quite successfully (Carpenter Khan 2015). The area of UAE includes only land 83,600 km2 with 4.6% of the land involved in agriculture.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The labour force of the country amounts to 4.891 million people, and 78% of it is employed in the services sector. The population of UAE is a peculiar resource. 70% of the UAE population is concentrated in Abu Dhabi and Dubai; 16% are in Sharjah (UAE NQA 2013, p. 3-4). What is more important, no more than 20% of the country’s population is Emirati. Expatriated people make up the most of the country’s workforce. The country exports crude oil, natural gas, dried fish, dates, and reexports. Imports include machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, and food (CIA 2015a, para. 1-6). The industries of UAE include ‘petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing, aluminium, cement, fertilizers, commercial ship repair, construction materials, handicrafts, textiles’, and the industrial production growth rate is 3.5% (CIA 2015a, para. 6). Figure 2: GDP growth in Norway and UAE, %, 1990-2015 (World Bank 2015). According to CIA (2015b), after a thousand y ears worth of unions, Norway was granted independence in 1905. In the 1960s, oil was discovered in the country’s adjacent waters which boosted its economy. Norway is a member of NATO, European Economic Area, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The land area of Norway is 304,282 km2; water area equals 19,520 km2; 2.7% of the land is involved in agriculture. The Norwegian economy is a mixed one, and the country is described as a prosperous one. The country’s economy is dependent on the natural resources, primarily the petroleum sector (30% of the country’s government revenue); other resources include fish, minerals, timber, and hydropower. The countries’ industries include ‘petroleum and gas, shipping, fishing, aquaculture, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles’, and the industrial production growth rate is 0.8% (CIA 2015b, par. 6). The labor force equa ls 2.724 million, and about 77% of it is involved in the services sector while 20% are involved in the industrial sector.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on United Arab Emirates and Norway Economies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The country exports ‘petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and equipment, metals, chemicals, ships, fish’ and imports ‘machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs’ (CIA 2015b, par. 6). Social safety of Norway is very much emphasised. Conclusions The two countries differ significantly: they are situated in different climate zones, have been existing for different amounts of time, had had to deal with different historical events. Norway appears to be richer in natural resources; its area is larger, and the country possesses some water area. At the same time, the UAE possesses more workforce. The industrial production growth rate is higher for UAE. A specific feature of UAE is its ethnically diverse workforce. The main similarity between the countries is their continuous reliance on the petroleum sector. Macroeconomics Measuring Economy The key parameters that are most often used to â€Å"measure† the economy of a country include gross domestic product (GDP), and gross national income (GNI) (Gottheil 2013). Apart from that, the consumer price index (CPI) and unemployment rates will be demonstrated for the economies to explain their economic situation and policies. National Income and National Accounting Figure 3: GNI in Norway and UAE, current, $US, 1990-2015 (World Bank 2015). GDP measures ‘what is produced and earned in domestic economy’ or the ‘total value of all final goods and services, measured in current market prices, produced in the economy during a year’ (Gottheil 2013, pp.87, 493) Gross national income (GNI) includes GDP, but it also takes into account the income that has been gain ed by the migrants (the income earned from abroad by the citizens of the country and the income earned by the immigrants from the country, the latter is excluded).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Figure 1 (World Bank 2015) demonstrates the current GDPs of the countries while Figure 2 (World Bank 2015) shows their growth rate. Figure 3 (World Bank 2015) and Figure 4 (World Bank 2015) show the current GNIs and their growth. The current account balance of the UAE is $48.45 billion, and the current account balance of Norway is $42.33 billion. UAE GDP per capita is comparable to that of world leading economies, and Norway has been outperforming UAE for the past decades for all the mention indices. However, it is obvious that UAE growth rate used to be significantly higher than that of Norway and has only been lower during the 2009 crisis. It is true that UAE used to rely on oil and global finance and, as a result, the impact of the crisis was rather severe for the country (CIA 2015a, par. 2). To change it, successful diversification was carried out, and the contribution of oil and gas contribution to GDP was reduced to 25% (CIA 2015a, para. 6). The Cost of Living Figure 4: GNI g rowth in Norway and UAE, %, 1990-2015 (World Bank 2015). The consumer price index is ‘a measure comparing the prices of consumer goods and services that a household typically purchases to the prices of those goods and services purchased in a base year’ (p. 836). It is connected to the inflation level which is an increase in price level, or, the ‘measure of prices in one year expressed in relation to prices in a base year’ (p. 842). The inflation data is demonstrated in Figure 5 (World Bank 2015). It is obvious that currently the inflation rate is falling for both countries after a significant rise that had obviously followed the crisis. Figure 6 (World Bank 2015) shows that the CPI of the two countries is practically identical and is rising slowly but steadily. Unemployment and Relevant Measures Figure 7 (World Bank 2015) demonstrates the population of the two countries; Figure 8 shows the data from CIA (2015a; 2015b) concerning the unemployment rate for yo ung people. According to CIA (2015b), the population of Norway is 94.4% Norwegian and, as of 2012, amounts to 5,207,689 with the growth rate of 1.13% and birth rate of 12.14 births per 1,000 people. Migration rate is more than seven migrants per thousand; the ranking of the country in this respect is 16. The current total youth unemployment rate is 8.6%. According to OECD (2015b), the main difficulty concerning the employment in Norway is the steady increase of long-term unemployment (28% in 2012); still, the figure is lower than the average among OECD countries (36%). According to OECD (2015a), the social spending of Norway amounts to 22% of GDP. The poverty rate in Norway is rather low for the members of the group, equalling 0,08% in the same age group (OECD 2015a, para. 12). Figure 5: Inflation: GDP deflator in Norway and UAE, annual, %, 1990-2015 (World Bank 2015). As of 2015, the birth rate in UAE is 15.43 births per 1,000 people with the population growth rate at 2.58%. The g rowth of the population was in many ways conditioned by the expatriates; the Emirati is 19% of the country’s population, the rest being of South Asian, Arab and Iranian, and other origin (UAE National Qualifications Authority [UAE NQA] 2013, p. 3; CIA 2015a, para. 4). Total unemployment for the youth of the UAE amounts to 12.1% (CIA 2015a, para. 4). Conclusions The countries’ indices performance can be described as very satisfactory. One could also say that the UAE growth indices appear rather promising. Still, it is noticeable that the development is slowing down for both countries which can be attributed to the changes in the world economy, for example, the oil prices fluctuations. Macroeconomic Policy choices The key economic policy choice of UAE is the motion towards the diversification of the economy (Rahman 2015). Norway has been acknowledging the importance of diversification as well (CIA 2015b). Apart from that, Norway seems to be especially concerned with inno vation and social protection policies (OECD 2015a). This fact appears to demonstrate the desire of Norway to invest in the most valuable resources: its people and future technology. UAE is similarly interested in addressing its population issues, particularly the problems of unemployment and the difficulties connected to the unusually high percentage of immigrates and expatriate labour force. Managing diversity in such a context is an unusual and challenging issue. Apart from that, UAE is obviously aimed at growth, and the high rates of GDP growth demonstrate that the country is being successful in this respect. Forecasts Figure 6: CPI in Norway and UAE (2010 – base year), 1990-2015 (World Bank 2015). The forecast of the future economic development of UAE is determined by two factors: the positive one, Expo 2020 being held in Dubai, and the negative one, the fluctuations of the oil prices. Expo 2020 Winning the right to hold the EXPO 2020 in Dubai is important for UAE from t he cultural, economic, and political perspectives (Levick 2015). From the point of view of the economy, it should be pointed out that preparing for Expo demands labour force which means that more than 277,000 jobs are expected to be created in the period between 2013 and 2021 (Churchill 2013, para. 1). The tourism sector is expected to experience the biggest impact of the event; similarly, other sectors like building, telecommunication, IT, and transportation have the chances of being positively affected (Churchill 2013). Apart from that, talent, which is a less measurable but still very valuable resource, is being attracted to UAE. All of these factors are bound to have a positive impact on UAE economic development. Oil Prices As a result of increased US oil production and the general slowdown of the economy, the oil prices have decreased significantly. The resulting oil price of $50 per barrel is admittedly a challenge for the world economy and, in particular, for UAE (Rahman 2015 ). The low oil prices affect the stock market of UAE as well as those of other oil-exporting countries (Hanware 2015). According to the Economy Minister of UAE, the country has managed to â€Å"make up† for the oil price fluctuations with the help of previously established international funds. He also points out that the oil price situation highlights the importance of the country’s diversification processes (Rahman 2015, para. 5). The fuel prices in UAE are currently subsidised, but it appears that the government has decided to change it, claiming that it is unreasonable for a rich country (Carpenter Khan 2015). Aggregate Supply and Demand Figure 7: Total population in Norway and UAE, 1990-2015 (World Bank 2015). Aggregate supply is the ‘total supply of goods and services that all firms in the national economy are willing to offer at varying price levels’, while aggregate demand is the total ‘quantity demanded of these goods and services by househ olds, firms, foreigners, and government at the varying price levels’ (Gottheil 2013, p. 468). The aggregate demand curve is downward-sloping: as the prices increase, the demand declines. For aggregate supply, the curve is different: at first, the increase in prices does not affect it while corresponding to the growing GDP; then supply starts to grow while at a certain point the GDP stops increasing. Aggregate demand changes with the fluctuations in demand that can be caused by ‘changes in government spending, foreign incomes, and consumer or firms’ expectations about the future’ (Gottheil 2013, p. 471). As the demand increases, its curve shifts to the right, with the decrease it shifts to the left. For aggregate supply the shift is similar; it changes depending on the availability of resources (Gottheil 2013, pp. 471-473). Let us attempt to apply this information to the current situation in the UAE market. Aggregate Supply and Demand: Oil Prices and Expo T he Expo is likely to increase (or to have increased already) the aggregate demand in UAE; the result of that is the shift of the curve to the right and the rise in prices. At the same time, with the oil prices decreasing, the market players are bound to experience doubts in the future development of the economy. Such nervous excitement may affect the demand in a negative way. Given the fact that Expo has been influencing the demand for two years while the oil prices have been an issue for a year only, the situation may be still heading towards balance. At the same time, it should be pointed out that the Expo could result (and probably has resulted) in the increase of supply. As more resources were demanded, more resources have been supplied; apart from that, the participation of foreign partners is, technically, a specific feature of an Expo (Levick 2015). The aggregate supply and demand for UAE are most certainly destabilised right at the moment. The future of the country is uncert ain, although the prognosis is most certainly positive. Forecast In general, as suggested by The Economist Intelligence (EI) Unit Limited (2015), the GDP growth of UAE is to amount to around 3.6% in the next four years and is going to be â€Å"softened â€Å" by the oil prices falling (par. 1). Economic diversification will be further encouraged since the validity of this policy has been proven by the current situation. According to The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited (2015), the business environment in UAE will improve in the next four years as a result of the ‘improvement in infrastructure and more open trade and investment policies’ (par. 5). Figure 8: Unemployment rate in Norway and UAE (%, for youths), 1990-2015 (World Bank 2015). As for Norway, the diversification of the country, as well as its generally high performance with respect to various economic parameters, allows one to suggest that the country is going to manage the current oil prices situation. S till, given the fact that Norway does rely on the petroleum sector rather heavily, it is bound to experience the drawbacks of the oil prices fluctuations. Its performance may slow down, but it is believable that despite this the country will continue its social and innovation policies. The Education Sector According to OECD (2013), the public education in Norway is free (except for the pre-kindergarten classes), while both public and private institutions gain funding from public sources; tertiary institutions are autonomous in allocating them. In 2010, 84% of students attained secondary education, and 47% chose to proceed with tertiary education; both figures are slightly higher than the average for OECD. The school students’ performance is ‘higher-than-average’ in OECD countries, and it keeps increasing (OECD 2013, p. 5). The gender performance gap is in favour of girls. Norway attempts to provide students with equal opportunities, which has been reflected, for example, in the kindergarten reform of 2004 that was aimed at making the kindergartens more accessible. Still, immigrant students tend to have worse performance. For the sake of equality, free higher education is also provided in Norway; adult learning is being encouraged through programs like â€Å"Programme for Basic Competence in Working Life† (OECD 2013, p. 6). The educational policy of UAE includes the idea of equal opportunities and demands incorporating learning, critical thinking, and practical abilities in the curricula. The aim of UAE educational policies incorporates increasing the rate of university enrolments as well as decreasing the number of school dropouts. The country’s educational system presupposes 12 years of compulsory education (primary and secondary education). Post-secondary education includes a number of prestigious institutions from al over the world (for example, Sorbonne or New York University). In 2009, 28% of the budget had been spent on education sector (UAE National Qualifications Authority 2013, p. 7). The UAE has been acting in consistency with UNESCO’s ‘Education for all’ which presupposes providing equal primary education opportunities for children regardless of their gender as well as increasing the quality of education and reducing illiteracy level among adults. Dubai and Abu Dhabi have participated in international literacy tests in 2009 and 2010, and the performance of the students was below international standards. Higher education participation in UAE has increased and, in 2008, amounted to 25%. The rate of education sector development of UAE is most impressive (UAE National Qualifications Authority 2013, pp. 1-13). While Norway appears to outperform UAE in the field of education, the rates of the development of this sector in the latter country allow one to suggest that the situation will be improved in the near future. Both countries realise the importance of the continuous developm ent in the sector and attempt to make education as accessible as possible. Tourism According to World Travel and Tourism Council [WTTC] (2014), the ‘total contribution’ of Travel and Tourism (TT) into a country’s economy is higher than the spending on the tourism service since, in effect, it includes the ‘hotels, airlines, airports, travel agents and leisure and recreation services’ spending (p. 2). In 2013, TT sector was accountable for 8.4% of UAE GDP (total contribution), and its significance is expected to rise. In 2013, direct workforce involvement in TT amounted to 291,500 jobs (5.3% of employment), and this figure is also expected to increase. The investment in TT amounted to 6.2% of total investment, and visitor exports (the spending of the tourists within the country, education sector excluded) equalled 5.8% of the total UAE exports. Leisure tourism predominates for UAE, amounting to almost 75% of the tourism sector (WTTC 2014, pp. 1-15). It should be pointed out that as a result of Expo 2020 being held in UAE, the tourism sector is bound to develop at a higher rate in the following several years. In Norway, in 2009, TT contribution to GPD equalled 3.3 %; the employment in the sector amounted to 6.3% of the total country’s employment. In 2010, tourists spent 106 billion (in the local currency) in Norway. In 2009, there were almost 14 000 firms in TT sector in Norway, most of them small ones with 1-10 employees. Leisure TT appears to dominate in Norway as well (OECD 2012, p. 253). The policy of TT in Norway is aimed at increasing wealth creation within the industry; this is expected to be achieved through innovation and employees training as well as collaboration on every level. Norway is described as â€Å"sustainable destination†, that is, the industry also needs to be economically and environmentally sustainable (OECD 2012, p. 255). It can be concluded that neither of the countries relies on the tourism sector. Still, it does contribute to both countries’ GPD, and they endeavour to proceed developing it. It appears that for UAE, the tourism sector is more significant; apart from that, it is going to be further developed as a result of Expo being held in the country. This can be regarded as another successful attempt at diversifying the country’s economy. Conclusion The two countries rely on oil and gas export, but they both strive to reduce the importance of this sector and attempt to diversify the economy. Even though there is still room for improvement, in both cases there is a noticeable improvement that is especially visible for UAE. Still, the impact of the oil price fluctuations is bound to be felt by both countries. Norway outperforms UAE in most of the economy measurement parameters; at the same time, the rate of growth for UAE has been significantly higher than that of Norway. This fact leads to the suggestion that UAE will be able to improve its performance in the near future. While the challenge of decreased oil prices is going to affect UAE economy in a rather negative way, the Expo 2020 is a positive influence that can minimise the damage of the former one. Multiple sectors of UAE economy are going to be boosted by the preparation to the Expo, one of them being tourism. Reference List Carpenter, C Khan, S 2015, ‘ U.A.E. 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World Bank 2015, World Development Indicators, http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=2type=metadataseries=NY.GDP.MKTP.CD#. World Travel and Tourism Council 2014, Travel Tourism Economic Impact 2014: United Arab Emirates, http://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic%20impact%20research/country%20reports/united_arab_emirates2014.pdf This essay on United Arab Emirates and Norway Economies was written and submitted by user Logan Chan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.